你是否患上了干眼症？

• 注册会员
• 免费注册华夏近视网会员，预约近视手术，即可获得资深专家为您量身制定的治疗方案,一对一直接交流；全国最多至1800的手术优惠 立即注册
• 预约手术

Are you plagued with itchy, watery, irritated eyes?  If so, you may be suffering from dry eye syndrome.
St. Luke’s corneal specialists explain how you can get relief.
你是否经常感到眼睛发痒，流泪和受刺激？如果是，你可能患上了干眼症。
圣卢克的角膜专家告诉你如何解脱。

Dry eye syndrome is one of the most common problems treated by eye physicians.  In fact, more than ten million  Americans suffer from dry eyes.  According to J. James Rowsey, MD, corneal and refractive surgeon at St. Luke's Cataract and Laser Institute, this problem can cause a wide range of symptoms.  “Patients with dry eyes may complain of anything from irritation, itching, and burning to blurred vision and even excessive tearing.”  If you suffer from any of these, you know just how uncomfortable and frustrating it can be.  Fortunately, there are many treatment options available and scientists are continually researching this problem.
干眼综合症是眼科医师最常诊治的病症之一。事实上，有一千多万的美国人患有干眼症。圣卢克白内障和激光学院的角膜和屈光外科医生，医学博士J*詹姆斯*罗塞认为这种病可以引发很多症状。他表示：“患干眼症的病人可能会有刺激感，发痒，灼疼感引致视线模糊和大量流泪等症状。”如果你有上述任何的症状，应该会明白有多么不舒服和多么难受。幸运的是，这种病已经有了很多治疗方法，科学家们也在不断进行着研究。

Before we talk about the treatment, it’s important to understand how the eye’s tear film works.  Tears are comprised of three layers.  The bottom mucin layer coats the cornea, the eye’s clear outer window, forming a foundation so the tear film can adhere to the eye.  The middle aqueous layer provides moisture and supplies oxygen and other important nutrients to the cornea.  This layer is made of 98 percent water along with small amounts of salt, proteins and other compounds.  The outer lipid layer is an oily film that seals the tear film on the eye and helps to prevent evaporation.
在谈及治疗方法之前，很有必要了解一下泪液膜是如何工作的。眼泪包含三层。底层的粘液层包裹了角膜，形成了一个基点从而使泪液膜能够附着在眼球上。中间的眼房水层提供了水分、氧气和其它角膜需要的重要的营养物质。这一层是由98%的水和少量盐分、蛋白质和其它成分组成的。外面的脂质层是一层油性膜，它将泪液膜封在眼球上，帮助阻止蒸发。

Tears are formed in several glands around the eye.  The water layer is produced in the lacrimal gland, located under the upper eyelid.  Several smaller glands in the lids make the oil and mucus layers.  With each blink, the eyelids spread the tears over your eye.  The excess tears flow into two tiny drainage ducts in the corner of the eye by your nose.  These ducts lead to tiny canals that connect to the nasal passage.  The connection between the tear ducts and the nasal passage is the reason your nose runs when you cry.
眼泪是由眼球周围的几个腺形成的，含水层是由位于上眼睑的泪腺产生的。眼皮上的一些小腺形成了油层和粘液层。每眨一次眼，眼睑将泪水散开在你的眼球上。多余的泪水会流进靠近鼻子的眼角的两个排水管，这些排水管连接着和鼻腔通道相连的细小管道。泪水管和鼻腔通道的连接就是为什么当你哭泣时会流鼻水的原因。

In addition to lubricating the eye, tears are also produced as a response to outside stimulus such as an injury or emotion.  But these reflex tears do little to soothe a dry eye, which is why someone with watery eyes may still complain of irritation.  “Many of my patients with excessive tearing are surprised to learn that they actually have an underlying dry eye problem,” says Donald Johnson, MD, corneal and refractive surgeon at St. Luke’s.  “But when I explain that reflex tears are mainly water and lack the oil and mucus needed to keep the eye moist, it all makes sense.”
除了可以滋润眼球，眼泪还是对受伤或者情绪等外界刺激的一种反应。但是这些反射性的泪水对缓和干眼效果甚微，这就是为什么有些经常流泪的人还是会觉得眼睛有刺激感。“很多泪水过多的病人在知道他们实际上患有隐秘性干眼症的时候都会感到惊讶，”圣卢克角膜和屈光外科医生，医学博士多纳德*约翰逊说道，“但是当我向他们解释反射性泪水主要是水分，而缺少保持眼球湿润的油质和粘液时，他们就都明白了。”

Dry eye syndrome has many causes.  One of the most common reasons for dryness is simply the normal aging process.  As we grow older, our bodies produce less oil – 60 % less at age 65 then at age 18.  This is more pronounced in women, who tend to have drier skin then men.  The oil deficiency also affects the tear film.  Without as much oil to seal the watery layer, the tear film evaporates much faster, leaving dry areas on the cornea.
引起干眼症的原因很多，其中最普遍的一个是正常的年龄增长。当我们变老时，我们的身体产生的油质会变少——65岁时会比18岁时减少60%。这种现象在女性那里更加明显，因为她们的皮肤比男性要干燥些。油质不足会影响泪液膜，当没有足够的油质封住水层时，泪液膜的蒸发就会加快，从而在角膜上留下干燥部分。

Dry eyes can result from many other factors.  “This problem has many culprits,” explains Dr. Rowsey, “sometimes it stems from an environmental condition. Living in a hot, dry or windy climate, high altitudes, or even air-conditioning and cigarette smoke can aggravate your eyes.”  Many people also find their eyes become irritated and dry when reading or working on a computer.  “You typically blink less when you read, so it’s important to stop periodically, rest your eyes, and make a conscious effort to blink,” he says.  Contact lens wearers may also suffer from dryness because the contacts absorb the tear film, causing proteins to form on the surface of the lens.  Dr. Rowsey cautions his contact lens patients, “If you wear contacts, it’s really important to follow your cleaning and enzyme regimen – not just to avoid dry eye problems, but for the health of your cornea.”  Medical problems such as menopause, thyroid conditions, and vitamin A deficiency can lead to dry eye problems.  Some diseases such as Parkinson’s and Sjogren’s as well as certain medications also cause dryness.
干眼症还可能是由其它原因造成的。“这种病有很多罪魁祸首，”罗塞博士解释说，“有时侯它源于环境因素。住在酷热、干燥、多风或高纬度的地区，甚至空调和吸烟都可能会使你的眼睛恶化。”很多人还发现当他们在电脑上阅读或工作时会感到眼睛受刺激和觉得眼干。“当你阅读时，就会减少眨眼，所以阶段性地暂停并休息一下眼睛，同时有意识地多眨眼是相当重要的。”罗塞博士继续说道。隐形眼镜佩戴者也有可能受干眼症的困扰，因为隐形眼镜会吸收泪液膜，导致镜面上存留蛋白质。罗塞博士对他的此类患者警告说：“如果你佩戴隐形眼镜，就要严格遵守清洗和加酶（即药片）的步骤。这不仅是要避免干眼问题，还是为了角膜的健康。”健康因素诸如更年期、甲状腺病症以及缺乏维他命A都可能引起干眼症。某些疾病比如帕金森氏病和干燥综合症以及一些特定的药物也会引发干眼症。

Many find relief simply from using artificial tears on a regular basis.  Some of these products are watery and alleviate the symptoms temporarily; others are thicker and adhere to the eye longer.  Both Drs. Rowsey and Johnson recommend preservative-free tears because they are the most soothing and have fewer additives that could potentially irritate.  Avoid products that whiten the eyes – they don’t have adequate lubricating qualities and often make the problem worse.
多数人在固定使用人造泪后就找到了解决之道。这些产品中有一些是水质的，可以暂时减轻症状。另一些厚一点并在眼球上附着的时间更长一些。罗塞博士和约翰逊博士都推荐不含防腐剂的人造泪，因为它们是最舒缓的，所含可能刺激眼睛的添加剂也更少。应该避免使用会使眼睛白化的产品——它们没有足够的润滑成分，常会使情况变得更严重。

If you’re using tears 2-3 times each day and are still uncomfortable, you should consult an eye care professional for an evaluation.  The first objective of the exam is to determine the underlying cause of your symptoms by measuring the production, evaporation rate and quality of your tear film.  Three special stains are particularly helpful to diagnose the presence and extent of the dryness.  The first is a light green drop called Fluorescein.  This tints your tears temporarily, allowing your doctor to determine the time it takes for your tears to dissipate after you blink.  The second stain is called Rose Bengal.  It highlights the dry areas on your eye so the extent of the problem can be determined.  The third is called Lissamine Green.  It stains the areas you feel pain.  “These special drops allow me to pick up problems with a microscope that would normally be invisible,” explains Dr. Rowsey.
如果你每天使用两至三次人造泪，但还是感到不舒服，你就应该去眼睛护理专家那里咨询并评估一下。检测的首要目的是通过衡量产品、蒸发率和你的泪液膜的质量，来确定引起症状的隐秘原因。三种特殊的染剂能帮助诊断干眼的现状和范围。第一种是浅绿色的荧光素，它能暂时对你的人造泪染色，使医生能够判定你眨眼后人造泪消失所需的时间。第二种是孟加拉玫瑰红，它能突出你眼球上的干燥区域从而确定其范围。第三种是力沙明绿色（音译），它将你感到疼痛的地方染色。“这些特殊的染剂使我能用显微镜找出平常很难看到的问题所在。”罗塞医生解释说。

It may also be necessary to evaluate the amount of tears your eye produces.  This is done with a Schirmer test.  Tiny paper tabs are placed in the lower eyelids.  After a few minutes, the strip is removed from the lid and wet area is measured.  If the wet area is smaller than average, you may not produce enough tears to lubricate your eye adequately.
评估你的眼睛产生的泪水量也很有必要。这要用施默测试来完成。将小纸片附在下眼睑上。数分钟后，将其移开，再衡量湿润的区域，如果小于平均数，你就可能没有产生足够的眼泪来润滑眼球。

Finally, your lubricating regimen will be assessed.  In addition to artificial tears, those with extremely dry eyes may also require ointment at bedtime to keep the eye from drying during sleep.  Drs. Johnson and Rowsey both believe that there is no “one-size-fits-all” regimen for treatment.  “I work with my patients to find the game plan for each individual,” explains Dr. Johnson.  “What is best for one may not be for another.  It usually just takes a little detective work to customize the ideal treatment.”
最后将要制定你的润滑方法。除了人造泪，那些干眼极为严重的患者还需要在睡觉前使用滴眼液来防止睡觉时眼睛变干。约翰逊博士和罗塞博士都认为还没有一种适合所有人的治疗方法。“我和病人一起来寻找适合每一个独立的病患的计划，”约翰逊博士说，“对某一患者可能最好的方法或许并不适合另一个患者。通常只需要一个小小的测试就可以找到最理想的个性化治疗方法。”

Your doctor may also suggest occluding the opening of the tear drain in the eyelid with special inserts called punctal plugs.  This works like closing a sink drain with a stopper.  These special plugs trap the tears on the eye, keeping it moist.  This may be done on a temporary basis with a dissolvable collagen plug, or permanently with a silicone plug.  Dr. Rowsey likes the conservative approach:  “I give my patients with mild to moderate dryness the option to test drive the punctal plugs first.  The collagen plugs dissolve after about a week, which allows my patients to decide if they are beneficial.  If they help, we can insert the permanent ones.”
你的医生可能会建议你用一种叫punctal 塞的特殊植入物来闭塞眼睑中排泪管道的开口处，这就像用塞子堵住水池的排水口一样。这些特殊的塞子将眼泪保存在眼睛里，从而使其湿润。这一程序可以暂时用可溶解的胶原质塞来完成，或者用永久性的硅树脂塞来完成。罗塞博士喜欢用传统的方式，“我给那些轻度或中度干眼症患者试用punctal塞，胶原质塞在大约一周后溶解，这可以让患者决定是否收效。如果确有帮助，我们就可以植入永久性的塞子。”

It is important to evaluate and treat dryness not only for comfort, but also for your eye’s health.  “If left untreated, dry eyes can become more than just a nuisance,” explains Dr. Johnson.  “The tear film is vital to the health of the cornea.  Severely dry eyes could lead to other problems.”  Besides lubricating the eye, the tear film helps fight infection, provides nourishment, and creates a smooth surface on the cornea, keeping your vision clear.
评估和治疗干眼症不仅是为了舒适度，同时也是为了眼睛的健康。“如果不进行治疗，干眼症会变得不仅仅是一种困扰，”约翰逊博士说，“泪液膜对角膜的健康十分重要。严重的干眼症会引发其它问题。”除了润滑眼球，泪液膜还可以抵抗炎症，提供养分，并在角膜上生成平滑的表面，使你的视力更加清晰。

For the best results, you need to work closely with your doctor.  Your care may include treatments such as artificial tears, punctal plugs, or possibly lifestyle changes.  There are several simple steps you can take.  For example, drinking eight to ten glasses of water each day keeps your body hydrated and flushes impurities.  Make a conscious effort to blink frequently – especially if you’re reading a book or watching television.  Avoid rubbing your eyes.  This only worsens the irritation.  Finally, pay close attention to what improves your symptoms and what doesn’t.   Your doctor needs your help to treat the problem!
为了取得最佳效果，你需要和你的医生紧密合作。你的治疗方式可能包括人造泪，punctal 塞，如果需要的话还有可能要进行生活方式的改变等等。你可以采取几个简单的步骤。比如说，每天喝八到十杯水可以保持你身体内的水分并清除杂质。有意识的经常眨眼睛，尤其是在阅读或看电视的时候。避免用手揉眼睛，这会使刺激感加剧。最后，注意哪些东西使你的症状加剧，而哪些不会。你的医生需要你的帮助来共同解决问题。

• 注册会员
• 免费注册华夏近视网会员，预约近视手术，即可获得资深专家为您量身制定的治疗方案,一对一直接交流；全国最多至1800的手术优惠 立即注册
• 预约手术

• 整形美容手术3折起
• 整形美容保险保你太平
• 20年近视，10秒解决
• 近视安全险40万保险金额
• 近视专家视频在线答疑
• 中国疾病大全全诊断
• 华夏礼品中心月月送大礼
• 国内首家健康视频直播网